Posted by : drh.ires92
Selasa, Oktober 22, 2013
- Definisi
Penyakit ini dikenal juga dengan achalasia, yaitu
terjadinya dilatasi esophagus dan hipomotilitas. Gangguan tersebut dapat
terjadi akibat gangguan primer atau sekunder. Gangguan sekunder bisa akibat
dari obstruksi atau disfungsi neuromuscular.
ketika seekor hewan mengidap megaesophagus,
kerongkongan akan membesar karena tidak mampu mendorong makanan ke perut. Oleh
karena itu, makanan gagal masuk perut dan sering tinggal di kerongkongan, dan
akhirnya muntahan, atau memasuki paru-paru melalui pernapasan, atau meluruh di
kerongkongan.
- Penyebab
megaesophagus dapat terjadi karena adanya benda
asing, striktura, neoplasia, granuloma, vascular ring anomalies (persistent
right aortic arch), kompresi periesophageal. Sebab lain adalah esophagitis,
hypothyroidism, hypoadrenocorticism, thymoma (dengan secondarily acquired
myasthenia gravis), toksikosis (lead, thallium, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.
- Gejala klinis
Gejala yang ditimbulkan biasanya ditemukan
regurgitasi pakan dan minum, berat badan turun atau pertumbuhan terhambat,
hipersalivation, halitosis, dan terdengar suara saat menelan. Ada rasa sakit
saat dipalpasi pada servikal esofagus. Gejala lain yang menyertai dan menjadi
penyebab megaesofagus adalah kelemahan, paresis atau paralisi, ataksia,
gagging, rasa sakit atau depresi. Mungkin juga ditemukan batuk, discharge nasal
mukopurulent dan dispnea akibat aspirasi pneumonia.
- Diagnose
Diagnosis dapat dilakukan dengan melakukan
radiografi daerah thoraks (cervicalis 5) untuk melihat adanya adanya dilatasi
pada esofagus. Auskultasi daerah trakea dan dada untuk mendeteksi suara fluida
dan peningkatan bronkial pada paru-paru dan juga dilakukan pemeriksaan
laboratorium untuk melihat kadar protein dan konsentrasi fibrinogen darah.
- Penanganan
Pada kasus dengan komplikasi aspirasi pneumonia,
obstructive megaesophagus, atau penyakit neurologis berat diperlukan rawat
inap. Pada kasus aspirasi pneumonia dan ataur dehidrasi diperlukan antibiotika
and terapi cairan. Pemberian pakan sebaiknya dengan memposisikan kepala 45–90°
dari lantai biarkan begitu dalam 10–15 menit setelah pemberian pakan. Pemberian
pakan dalam bentuk gruel akan mengurangi regurgitasi. Meskipun demikian hal ini
bersifat individual dan kadang dilain waktu akan berubah. Pasien dengan
regurgitasi berat membutuhkan pemberian pakan melalui feeding tube (gastrotomy
tube). Diperlukan tindakan operatif pada kasus adanya benda asing di esophagus
atau neoplasi atau untuk mengkoreksi anomali cincin vaskular. Tindakan operatif
tidak akan memperbaiki motilitas esophagus.
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BalasHapusDementia.
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